Understanding ADHD Medication

5 February 2025by Oqea Cares

ADHD is a chronic condition, but its impact can be managed and reduced over time with a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.  

ADHD medications can be highly effective in managing symptoms, but it’s important to be aware of potential tolerance and side effects. Regular monitoring, open communication with healthcare providers, and a comprehensive treatment plan that includes behavioural interventions and lifestyle changes can help manage these challenges effectively.  

While some individuals may need medication long-term, others may find that their symptoms improve to the point where medication is no longer necessary.  

Regular evaluations and a comprehensive treatment plan are key to determining the best approach for everyone. 

Finding the right medication for ADHD can be challenging, but a more evidence-based and individualised approach can reduce the trial-and-error process. 

Treatment plans should be tailored to the individual’s specific needs, considering their symptoms, side effects, and overall health.  

ADHD medications are typically divided into two main categories: stimulants and non-stimulants. Both types aim to alleviate symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. 

Stimulants

Common stimulant medications include methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) and dexamphetamine (e.g., dexamphetamine, Vyvanse). 

Mechanism: Stimulants work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters (dopamine and norepinephrine) in the brain, which help improve concentration and reduce hyperactive and impulsive behaviour. 

Non-Stimulants

Non-stimulant medications include atomoxetine (Strattera), guanfacine (Intuniv), and clonidine. 

Mechanism: These medications work differently than stimulants but also aim to regulate neurotransmitter activity to manage ADHD symptoms. They are often considered when stimulants are not effective or cause significant side effects. 

Common Side Effects of Stimulants: 

  • Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep. 
  • Appetite Suppression: Reduced appetite leading to weight loss. 
  • Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: Monitor cardiovascular health regularly. 
  • Anxiety and Irritability: Increased levels of anxiety or irritability in some individuals. 

Managing Side Effects: 

  • Dose Adjustment: Adjusting the dose under medical supervision can help manage side effects. 
  • Timing of Medication: Taking medication earlier in the day can help reduce sleep disturbances. 
  • Dietary Considerations: Ensuring a nutritious diet to counteract appetite suppression. 
  • Monitoring: Regular monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, and overall health. 

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider: 

  • Severe Side Effects: If side effects are severe or persist, contact a healthcare provider immediately. 
  • Unusual Symptoms: Report any unusual symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or severe mood changes. 

Long-Term Considerations 

The need for medication can vary significantly from person to person. Some individuals may continue to benefit from medication into adulthood, while others may find they can manage their symptoms without it. 

Periodic re-evaluation of medication effectiveness and side effects is crucial. This includes assessing whether the benefits continue to outweigh the risks. 

Transitioning Off Medication 

If an individual is considering stopping medication, it should be done gradually and under the supervision of a healthcare provider. Abruptly stopping medication can lead to a resurgence of symptoms. 

Close monitoring and support during the transition period are essential to manage any return of symptoms and to provide alternative strategies for symptom management. 

Next steps

You can choose to start on our ADHD pathway with an assessment (a pathway to ADHD medication) or if explore behavioural interventions and therapy with one of our health practitioners.